Affirmative Action Promotes Discrimination in America Essay -- affirma

Success is something that every wizard yearns for in life. Whether it is becoming happy, healthy, or wise, there are certain achievements and triumphs that deem a person prosperous. However, in order to obtain success, one must dedicate themselves to what they want out of their journey, working hard to come out on top in the warring worlds of school and work that dominate our society. All through life, people are taught that overall hard work and moral character will allow one to achieve their goals. This sounds like the ideal situation- both fair and ethical. However, our nation has often ignored these moral teachings of justice and evenhandedness in an effort to give more comparison to the American population. A computer programme known as approving Action was introduced in 1965 by the federal government under Lyndon B. Johnson and was thought to be a great idea in order to bring more diversity and equal opportunity to the many different races, ethical groups, and certa in minorities (Affirmative Action 1980). However, the intentions affirmative action provides have only discriminated members of society further, and segregated individuals in this land of equality. Affirmative action can be described as a program for giving preference to individual applicants for positions in educational institutions, or in employment, based on that persons membership in a previously discriminated-against racial, ethnic, or sexual urge minority (Affirmative Action vs. Equal Rights 2003). Even before America was a nation, our country was regarded as a place of equal opportunity for all. Thomas Jefferson once said, We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal..., words that have echoed through the centurie... ...n Affirmative Action vs. Equal Rights. The Jeffersonian Perspective. 20 Oct. 2014 <http//www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/7 970/jefpco60.htm. Brown, Jeff. Two Views of Affirmative Action. Third Place. 20 Oct. 2014. http//saugus.byu.edu/writing/contest/20001/brown.htm. McElroy, Wendy. What Does Affirmative Action Affirm? Zetetics. 20 Oct. 2014. <http//www.zetetics.com/mac/affirm.htm. The Equality Project Learning Center. Quotes on Equality. 27 Oct. 2014. <http//equalrightslesbigay.com/quotes.htm. The social Construction of Reverse Discrimination The Impact of Affirmative Action on Whites. The Impact of Affirmative Action on Whites. 20 Oct. 2014. <http//www.adversity.net/Pro_AA/docs/Pincus_JIR.htm.

Discuss The Relationship Between Media And Information Technology Essay

Discuss the relationship between Media and Information TechnologyThe term Media could today be defined as a collective term for picture, radio, cinema and the press. The media are nowadays often discussed as a single entity, because of their combined importance as providers of entertainment and information, their presumed power to draw public opinion and set standards and the growth of cross-ownership among the various sectors. The word was however, originally derived from (i.e. is the plural of) the word medium, which suggested a medium for the transfer of information. Media are convey through which information is transmitted or through which communication takes place.In a similar way, Information Technology could be described as a term commonly used to cover the range of technologies relevant to the transfer of information, in particular to computers, digital electronics and telecommunications.So, in relation the brief descriptions outlined above, its possible to say that there is already a certain connection between the two terms in that they are both involved in the transfer of information to some extent. However, this is a very broad description and so, for the purpose of this discussion, specified aspects of Media and Information Technology will be examined in entrap to discover any less tenuous relationships and any pros and cons discussed.The past 18 months has seen an explosion of innovation relating the internet to the more traditional media. Technology such as the E-Book, Internet Television, Internet Radio coupled with the fact that so many printed magazines, newspapers and journals now also have a presence on-line has shown that the trend seems to be for convergence. Media and Information Technology have entered an era where technological changes are removing many of the distinctions between telecommunications, broadcasting and IT. Consumers can watch television programmes on their computers, send emails from their television sets and access the internet from their mobile ph 1s.E-books for example, have received a lot of press coverage of late and when Stephen King successfully published and sold two of his new stories on the internet, the publishing world began to take notice. Kings Riding the Bullet, which sold more than 400,000 copies in the first day1 showed the potential for books to be released in a digitised f... ...monthly. This is evidence of the trend that media companies are utilising Information Technology to reach a wider audience. Finally then, it must be said that this trend for convergence livery Media and Information Technology together is one that seems to be here to stay, at least for the immediate future. Soon, it might be possible to access all forms of media from one appliance or all forms of media may in fact become one reached from a number of appliances. Just like the success of the internet, its tall(prenominal) to predict what might happen.References1. Stone, Andrew. Great E-xpectations, The Times, 2nd October 20002. Ibid3. Breitzer, Frith. Judging E-books by their covers. Macworld.com, July 20004. OLeary, Mick. Bartleby.com Reworks free E-book Model, Information Today, October 20005. Keegan, Victor. Online Second Sight, The Guardian, 3rd August 20006. Wakefield, Jane. King of Interactive TV? Its Britain. ZDNet(UK), October 20007. Trefgarne, George. TV and Internet will converge, The Daily Telegraph, 26th August 20008. Grimes, Christopher and Hargreaves, Deborah. AOL and TW face set-top box demands, Financial Times, 11th September 2000Word Count 2256

Import Cars vs. Domestic Cars :: Compare Contrast Cars Car Essays

Muscle cars hand always been a big in the United States such as the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro, and Chevrolet Corvette. These cars have been some of the most popular cars for the past 35 or more years, but over the past 20 years, Japanese cars are becoming more and more popular. Many people who are into muscle cars despise these imports and people who are into these imports have the same feelings toward muscle cars. These two types of car lovers have a strong dislike for each other and these cars. Many people see both muscle and import cars as just a car and dont see any difference between the two cars.One of the major differences between the two is the type of engines they have. Most muscle cars have a V-8 or crimson a V-10 with a large displacement. These engines produce a large amount of horse power and create a lot of torque at the high RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) range, but to fit these large engines, they need large cars to put them in. On the other hand, imports have a much smaller, inline 4 engine, and because it has a smaller engine, it can fit into a smaller car.To make comparing easier, a 2004 Ford SVT (Special Vehicle Teams) Mustang Cobra and a 2000 Acura Integra Type R will be employ as the comparison. The engine in the Mustang is a 4.601 liter, 280.8 cubic inch V-8 engine with 32 valves DOHC (Dual Over Head Cams), sequential electronic fuel injection, and an Eaton Generation IV roots-type supercharger, with a TTC T-56 6 speed Manual creating 390 break horse power at 6000 RPM and 389 foot pounds of torque at 3500 RPM. It has a 0-60 mph cartridge holder of 4.5 seconds, a quarter mile time of 12.6 seconds at 112 mph, and has a limited top speed of 155 mph. The Integra has a B18C5, 1.797 liter, 110 cubic inch, 4 cylinders, 16 valves DOHC VTEC engine. It creates 195 horse power at 8000 RPM and 130 foot pounds of torque at 7000 RPM. It has a 0-60 mph time of 6.5 seconds, a quarter mile time of 14.7 seconds, and has a limited top speed of 1 35 mph.Even though the Integra is slower than the Mustang, the Integra engine has something the Mustang engine does not have, and that is a VTEC.

The Importance of Trotsky, Lenin and Stalin to the Communist Dictatorsh

Trotsky, Lenin and Stalin were all important in bringing the Communist Dictatorship in Russia from 1917 - 1939. all told three of them wouldnt be qualified to make progresses without each other. The basement or a trigger to communism in Russia was Lenin as he was the organizer. He has been studying Marxism and Socialism for many historic period and in the result he has brought the October Revolution in 1917 to Russia. In addition Lenin has written many books in order to spread the idea of communism. As he was the organizer of this revolution and the person who led the Bolshevik take over of Russia in 1917 he became the first leader of Russia in communist regime. Later on he introduced Cheka and other forms of oppression to maintain his control. Then introducing War Communism, he ensured everyone worked for a Bolshevik supremacy in a Civil War. After the victory of communism in the Russian Revolution (1917), a Third, or Communist, International was cre ated (1919). Under the leadership of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, this Communist International, or Comintern, hoped to foster world revolution in order to promote Communism around the world and to get more(prenominal) allies. Lenin was thinking wisely as he has introduced NEP in order to improve merchandise and life in the USSR, restoring the order and increasing prosperity after the chaos of Revolution, Civil War and War Communism. NEP simply allowed economic recovery and by 1928 industrial and food production levels were about the same as in 1914, and some people grew. However even to realize to all of the stated achievements Lenin do, he demand Trotskys help. Trotsky was Lenins right-hand-man and it can be sai... ...nist regime, because he didnt even think of any plans how to improve industry or production, increase prosperity. Lenin was only bothered with peoples psychology, he only made people to support communism. However communism couldnt have been supported if famine didnt stop, so the Communism could fall quickly. It isnt wise as well to say that Lenin and Stalin were more important that Trotsky just for the reason that they were the leaders of the Soviet Union and Trotsky wasnt. Trotsky has played an important part as well. If he didnt organize Red Army, the Reds wouldnt be fit to win even Civil war and the Communism could fall. All three of them were important in bringing about the communism in Russia in 1917 - 1939. All three of them were dependant on each other and wouldnt be able to survive without each other.

Hypotheses on the Extinction of Dinosaurs Essays -- Exploratory Essays

Hypotheses on the Extinction of Dinosaurs In the early nineteen hundreds, dinosaur fossils were discovered and recognized around the globe. Greedy scientists and civilians, searching for their avow prize skeleton, rushed to rip bones forbidden of the ground, destroying the fossils as they went. It was not until later in the century that scientists and paleontologists began pondering how such widespread creatures disappeared. Currently, paleontologists debate the deuce main hypotheses of how the classic dinosaurs died from volcanic activity or an asteroid impact. Although they result in the same outcome, the volcanic and asteroid hypotheses differ in key elements the veridical event, the environments stress, and the impact on life.Physical evidence left behind in each scenario supports each possible explanation for the massive extermination responsible for wiping out the dinosaurs. Scientists that support the volcanic activity hypothesis trust the massive volcanic activity lasted approximately 500,000 years eventually ending dinosaurs reign on earth. The lava flows fill over 480,000 cubic miles, devastating areas over the entire globe. For example, The Decan Trap, a famous site of Cretaceous tectonic activity, is up to 8,000 feet deep, and it averaged between thirty-three and 164 feet deep. Fires raged across the lands. Those that believe in the asteroid impact, on the other hand, project a six mile wide meteorite moved at speeds from 50,000 mph to 150,000 mph and busted into Earths ambiance at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The sudden impact near the present day Yucatan Peninsula ejected 5,000 cubic miles of debris into the atmosphere and created an earthquake of magnitude thirteen move tidal waves, 250 to 300 feet high... ...sms alike. Conversely, paleontologists backing the asteroid hypothesis guess the massive blast killed nearby animals instantaneously. Creatures on the opposite side of the world, however, were not so lucky. They were constrained to dwell in freezing temperatures until vegetation withered. Herbivores quickly starved to death consequently, carnivores lacked prey. Instead of gradually dying off, dinosaurs perished within one generation. Although the two hypotheses of the great extinction come from opposite occurrences, in the end the event proved fatal.While paleontologists may never agree on the true cause of dinosaurs extinction, many people are now speculating mankinds termination. Will mother nature be responsible for our destruction also? Only time will tell. Perhaps in the outlying(prenominal) future, another species will encounter human remains and search for our match maker.

Hypotheses on the Extinction of Dinosaurs Essays -- Exploratory Essays

Hypotheses on the Extinction of Dinosaurs In the early nineteen hundreds, dinosaur fossils were discovered and recognized around the globe. Greedy scientists and civilians, hard-hitting for their own prize skeleton, rushed to rip bones out of the ground, destroying the fossils as they went. It was not until later in the century that scientists and paleontologists began pondering how such widespread creatures disappeared. Currently, paleontologists contend the two main hypotheses of how the classic dinosaurs died from volcanic activity or an asteroid impact. Although they result in the same outcome, the volcanic and asteroid hypotheses differ in secernate elements the actual event, the environments stress, and the impact on life.Physical evidence left behind in each scenario supports each possible explanation for the massive extinction liable for wiping out the dinosaurs. Scientists that support the volcanic activity hypothesis believe the massive volcanic activity lasted approxim ately 500,000 years eventually ending dinosaurs reign on earth. The lava flows filled over 480,000 cubic miles, devastating areas over the entire globe. For example, The Decan Trap, a famous site of Cretaceous tectonic activity, is up to 8,000 feet deep, and it averaged between thirty-three and 164 feet deep. Fires raged crossways the lands. Those that believe in the asteroid impact, on the other hand, project a six mile wide meteorite moved at speeds from 50,000 mph to 150,000 mph and busted into Earths atmosphere at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The sudden impact near the present day Yucatan Peninsula ejected 5,000 cubic miles of debris into the atmosphere and created an earthquake of magnitude bakers dozen sending tidal waves, 250 to 300 feet high... ...sms alike. Conversely, paleontologists backing the asteroid hypothesis guess the massive blast killed nearby animals instantaneously. Creatures on the opposite side of the world, however, were not so lucky. They were force d to dwell in freezing temperatures until vegetation withered. Herbivores quickly starved to death consequently, carnivores lacked prey. Instead of gradually dying off, dinosaurs perished within one generation. Although the two hypotheses of the nifty extinction come from opposite occurrences, in the end the event proved fatal.While paleontologists may never agree on the true cause of dinosaurs extinction, galore(postnominal) people are now speculating mankinds termination. Will mother nature be responsible for our destruction also? Only time will tell. Perhaps in the far future, another species will encounter human remains and search for our match maker.

Film and Television Criticisms: Similarities and Differences of Male Characters Essay

Male portrayals on boob tubes have greatly evolved from the standard hero uninventive case of direct phallic characters. During the entry of twenty-first century, masculinity among male roles have expanded and included sorting of multicultural get ups. In fact, the current illustration of masculinity has adapted to the liberal trends of society and even considered various facets of sexual considerations than the common romanticized absolute hero-portrayal of males.In addition, the male sexual domination against feminism is presently becoming less frequent compargond to the males roles of the 20th to early 21st century. Background of the Problem During the entrance of 21st century, various cultural modifications in various countries global have occurred due to globalization, western influences and the decline of the concept on sexuality discrimination. Due to the vast liberalization on gender and influences of globalize and liberalized environment, communities, especially in United States, be now evolving the gender portrayals from conventional to a more equalized stature.As for these socio-cultural modifications, gender roles in media and entertainment are also being influenced by the shifting of idealism. In terms of male roles in entertainment, the common hero stereotypic roles implicating absolute masculinity have already diverted in unanimity to the prevailing trends of the society. Since the public is now open to different variations of sexualities, male behavioral patterns and the societys awareness on multi-gender variations, roles portrayed by males in variety of television programs have been modified to more multi-faceted and diverse forms.In an effort to illustrate these conditions, three movies with different genre and cultural implications have been selected are analyse based on the similarities and differences of male roles in the television programs of the 21st century. Discussion The Male Characters of prison Break Prison Break (200 5) is an action, thriller and drama- based television serial publication created by Paul Scheuring with the primary characters, Michael Scofield (portrayed by Wendeucerth Miller) and capital of Nebraska Burrows (portrayed by Dominic Purcell).The two main protagonists play the role of brothers who aimed at escaping the prison penalty before Lincoln faces his trial of execution penalty due to the false accusation of murdering the vice-president, Terence Steadman. The two characters are hindered by the antagonist group called, The Company although, despite of the trials and obstacles beneath the prison walls of Fox River State Penitentiary, the brothers are able to save themselves from the grasps of the covert agents of the s concern group. Prison Break is one of the best male role portrayals in the television series as of 21st century.From the given overview, the brothers are confronted by the issues of their past and the accusations made against Scofields brother, Lincoln. common c hord of the most notable strengths of the brothers are (1) brotherly deposit to separately other, (2) Scofields expertise in construction engineering and Lincolns genius skills, and (3) their comrades who are also escapees of the prison. Meanwhile, most weaknesses notice among the brothers are sometimes (1) their immediate concern to their comrades ending to self-risks, and (2) frequent conflicting plans and misunderstandings.Despite of these strengths and weaknesses, the brothers are motivated to escape the prison and live the free status that they are say to possess. Schofield already considers the little or zero possibility of uplifting the verdict to his brother hence, both of them hope to escape the grasps of their chasers and live out of the claws of their enemies. The roles of the two characters are portrayed in a masculine sense where the sensitive attachments as brothers are very oftentimes evident. From the physical features and role portrayed by the brothers, each ro le manifests a sense of interdependency with each other.The Male Characters of Dantes Cove Dantes Cove (2005) is another film oriented to a horror and LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) genres created by Michael Costanza with gay couple, Gregory Michael and Charlie David, as the primary characters of the series. The television program is another face of the male role portrayals that are liberally being introduced to the public in the 21st century. The gay sexual orientation of males is one of the considerations to the vastly evolving male culturalism in the film industry, which essentially provide a different course depiction of male portrayal.In the story, Kevin (portrayed by Gregory Michael) is a formerly discreet bisexual who happened to fall in hump with his seasonal buddy, toby (Charlie David) who actually works as a bartender in a haunted hotel at Dantes Cove. During the middle section of the first season, Kevin is able to realize what he wants and decides to leav e his prosperous heart with his mother and discriminating father-in-law to live in with Toby at Dantes Cove. Upon Kevins arrival to the area, he is confronted by various premonitions from the warlock antagonists, Ambrosius Vallin (portrayed by William Gregory Lee).In the story, Kevin has by the way freed the warlock by a simple kiss from the prison-enchantments of another antagonizing character, Grace Neville (portrayed by Tracy Scoggins) the witch of Dantes cove. By freeing Ambrosius from his prison, he sets out to hunt his so-called destined lover in the persona of Kevin. Meanwhile, being the former lover of Ambrosius, Grace hunts the love of Ambrosius (Kevin) in order to avenge herself from the warlocks betrayal of her love 50 years ago. The couple is now confronted by the immense witchcraft of the two members of high-orders.The task of the Kevin and Toby is to maintain their emotions to each other despite of the efforts of the two antagonists in breaking their family apart. From the given overview, the strengths of the primary characters present in the film are the (1) emotional bonds to each other despite of gender issues and (2) the aid coming from their comrades from the cove. However, genuine weaknesses observed in their male portrayal are (1) their fragility against lies, (2) gays stereotypes of polygamous disposition, and (3) the emotional set backs that occur between the two.Meanwhile, some of the observed motivational behaviors present in the two primary characters are their attachments to one another and the supporting atmosphere they obtain from their bisexual and lesbian friends. Throughout the film, Toby and Kevin hope to finally obtain peace with their ideal form of gay relationship however, the greatest fear confronting the two is their separation from one another. Despite of their gender similarities and the moral-culturally considered taboo, the couple has evidently established their ideal perspective of gay relationship while mainta ining the external nature of their masculine behaviors.The Male Characters of Heroes Heroes (September 25, 2006) is a drama, acquisition simile television series created by Tim Kring with his primary character, gibe Petrelli (portrayed by Milo Ventimiglia). The story revolves in the discreet existence of evolved human beings capable of using unnatural powers inherent within their genetic structures. Each evolved superhuman possess either destructive or supportive form of rummy abilities. The main antagonist, Sylar (portrayed by Zachary Quinto), is an evolved form capable of absorbing the powers of other superhumans by actually devouring their brains.Sylar moves with his intent of capturing the key to his immortality with the power of the Cheerleader, Claire Bennet (portrayed by Hayden Panettiere). Unlike Sylar, Peter Petrelli possesses the unique dexterity of absorbing ones power by simply getting near towards these people. Unfortunately, he enters in without recognition in hi s skill and unable to evade the absorbed powers at his will. Peter is confronted by the complex task of saving his kind from the deadly virus released by a group of individuals who wants their kind annihilated.The science fiction film revolves in the lives of various complicating lives of different characters of the film however, the concentration of tasks and the primary role as the hero is vested in the character of Peter Petrelli. In terms of his strengths as the male role of the film, he possesses (1) distinct and non-replicable skill of obtaining ones ability in the simplest way, and (2) comrades that are also equipped with unique abilities.Meanwhile, despite of the undaunted character of Peter, his identity in the film is surrounded by critical weaknesses that serve as his primary obstacles prior to achieving his goal of defeating his antagonists. rough of these identified weaknesses are (1) his incapacity to control his powers and abilities at his will, (2) his fragile emo tions when it comes to his brother Nathan Petrelli and his loved ones, (3) unable to recognize his own potential, and (4) his fear towards his own abilities.Meanwhile, despite of the weaknesses of his character, Peter is motivated by lost of his brother, Nathan, the death of his loved ones, and the abduction of his girl during his travel in the future. Out of these obstacles and discouragements, Peter still hopes to rescue his girl and his brother from their destiny however, he is still confronted by the fear of the destruction he can cause and fear of loosing his love ones in his own hands. Conclusion Analysis of the Three Chosen T. V ProgramsIn analysis of the male character portrayals from the three chosen television programs, particularly Prison Break, Dantes Cove and Heroes, there are certain similarities and differences observed among the characters of the said programs. In consideration of similarities, Prison Breaks brothers Michael Scofield and Lincoln Burrows depict the anti-heroic roles in terms of the storylines plot. The masculine sides of the brothers are further exemplified by their complex relationships involving a different sense of heroic act compared to the conventional heroic roles of male portrayals in the past.Meanwhile, Dantes cove similarities in Prison Break is its ironic male roles of anti-masculine portrayal in terms of sexual orientations in the film wherein Kevin and Toby are confronted by the issues of saving their queer relationship being confronted by the horrifying witchcraft of the antagonists. Lastly, Peter Petrelli of Heroes is more similar to Prison Breaks brotherly linkage as with his brother, Nathan Petrelli, who is very much emphasized in the plot of Peters journey.In terms of the character similarities, the primary male roles of the said three television programs have already diverted to a different heroic stereotype common in the 20th century film plots. Meanwhile, in terms of the differences showed by the three pri mary male roles, each possesses differences in relation to the use of multi-culturalism components, gender portrayals, and defining characters of masculinity. As for Prison Break, the brothers are confronted by the emerging complexities of brotherly conditions.In a cultural sense, Prison Break illustrates the conventional role of brotherly affection however, gender concerns might suggest the questionable bonds of brothers. In addition to cultural components, the nature of their role as prison breakers even distort the 20th century heroic male roles, such as the romanticism influenced-heroes. In Dantes Cove, the male roles of Kevin and Toby are confronted by issues of cultural liberalization in terms of their illustration of free manly affection, which is actually considered non-manly by cultural norms.However, as for the film and the definition of masculinity, Dantes Cove is able to raise the concept of manliness in a more behavioral sense than with sexual choices or preferences. o n the face of it different from the two male portrayals of Prison Breaks brothers and Heroes Peter Petrelli, Dantes Cove couples have altered the components off masculinity by portraying it removed the common stereotypes of male film roles.Lastly, the character of Peter Petrelli in his diverse heroic role in Heroes has actually portrayed a fragile heroic role. Initially with his low self-compliance and belief in his capacities, his masculinity is confronted by a weaker illustration of identity, which is another diversion from the usual romanticism heroic view. In conclusion, as of 21st century, male roles in television programs have indeed evolved to more complex and diverse heroic portrayals.

Imagination in Romantic Poetry Essay

A large part of those extracts on Romantic imagination which be contained in the fascicule on pages D64 and D65 are strictly related to an ancient theory about Art and Realitys imitation, the Theory of Forms concieved by a Classical classical philosopher, mathematician Plato in Greek , Pltn, broad from 424/423 BC to 348/347 BC. The Theory of Forms in Greek typically refers to the belief expressed by Socrates in some of Platos dialogues, that the material orbit as it seems to us is not the real world, but only an image or copy of the real world. Socrates spoke of forms in formulating a solution to the business of universals. The forms, according to Socrates, are roughly speaking archetypes or abstract representations of the many types of things, and properties we feel and see around us, that can only be perceived by reason in Greek that is, they are universals.In other words, Socrates sometimes seems to recognise two worlds the Apparent world, which constantly changes, an d an unchanging and unseen world of forms, which may be a cause of what is apparent. This theory is proposed in different ways in Blakes, Coleridges Shelleys extracts. The former says that This world of Imagination is the world of infinity (A Vision of the Last Judgement, 1810) a place which resembles to a sort of otherworldly realm where Exist the Permanent Realities of E real Thing (the Form) which we see reflected in this veggie Glass of Nature (the Apparent world). A similar thing is exposed by Samuel Coleridge an english romantic poet who divides Imagination in Primary and Secondary. The former is the existing Power and prime Agent of all human Perception, and as a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite, the latter is an echo of the former who dissolves, diffuses, dissipates, in order to re-create (Biographia Literaria, 1817) a thing which is totally different from Fancy.Even in Shelley the poetry is presented as something of divine no t like reasoning (A Defence of Poetry, 1821) which beholds as the poet, the present, the past, and the future. In Keats and Wordsworth the poetry became the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings originating from emotion recollected in tranquillity (Preface to melodic Ballads) and the poet the most unpoetical of any thing in existence because he has no Identity (A Letter to Richard Woodhouse, October 27th 1818). So Art is imitation, a feature of two of Platos theories. In the Republic, Plato says that art imitates the objects and plaints of ordinary life. In other words, a work of art is a copy of a copy of a Form. It is even more of an illusion than is ordinary experience. On this theory, works of art are at best entertainment, and at worst a delusion. This theory actually appears in Platos short early dialogue,the Ion. Socrates is questioning a poet named Ion, who recites Homers poetry brilliantly but is no good at reciting anything else. Socrates is puzzled by this it seems to him that if Ion has an art, or skill, of reciting poetry he should be able to apply his expert knowledge to other poets as well. He concludes that Ion doesnt really possess skilled knowledge. Rather, when he recites Homer, he must be inspired by a god. The Ion drips with sarcasm. Plato didnt take the art by divine inspiration theory very seriously. But many ancient, medieval, and modern artists and aestheticians have found it irresistible.

Compare Contrast Greek and Roman Art

Compare Contrast Greek And roman print Art And Architecture Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Since the onset of Greek and Roman civilizations centuries ago we have seen the art and architectural worlds evolve into what we know them as today. In fact, some(prenominal) of the superannuated Greek styles were duplicated by the Romans and modified to suit their needs. We can still see a lot of Greek and Roman influences in the present day, especially in the architectural world. Below I will cite whatsoever examples of Greek and Roman pieces of art and a social organisation from each culture and detail some similarities as well as some contrasting values.Id like to begin by comparing some pieces of art. In The Fallen Warrior (Greece) and The Dying salientian (Roman copy) both clearly represent a tragic event. Both subjects are leaning on the ground and seem to be dying merely the creation of the event is more evident in the Gaul sculpture. The wound is clearly visible and the anguish of the subject is captured in his poise. Conversely the subject of the Warrior piece looks or else content and shows no visible injury. Both works are roughly the same size and represent a relatively perfect humane structure with attention to muscular detail as well as an idealization of the human body.However, the Warrior sculpture shows less optical fact and more stylization as far as the eyes, mouth and beard are concerned when compared to the almost true to nature elements of the Gaul piece. This shows how some of the Greek foundation was carried along but modified by the Romans. In The Three Goddesses (Greece) and Marcus Aurelius on Horseback (Rome) there are many similarities. Each shows fine attention to the cloaks worn by the subjects as well as weight distribution and, if all limbs were present on the Three Goddesses, implied motion.But in the Aurelius sculpture there is a shift from strictly human subjects to the addition of a horse. The Romans di d this as part of their love of realism along with their later concern for psychologically penetrating portraits. Moving along to architecture Id like to compare the Parthenon (Greece) and the Pantheon (Rome). Upon looking at each structure you would immediately notice the use of columns. Albeit the Parthenons main weight-bearing elements are the columns whereas the columns use on the Pantheon are more aesthetic than functional. Each of these structures also makes use of a portico that originated in the Greek culture.Both structures are immense places of worship to the gods. The Parthenon was created for the goddess Athena but all over the centuries it changed through a series of hands finally ending up as an ammunition dump for the Turks during a seventeenth century war with the Venetians. The Venetians bombed the build leaving most of it in ruins. The Pantheon was created as a house for sculptures of Roman gods. Enough care was taken throughout the centuries that this structure is still being used for religious functions today. The Parthenon was a more simplistic and ancient looking design where the Pantheon took on a whole new era.The dome came into play along with the many ornamental features seen on the inside as well as the outside of the Pantheon. The interior contains marble slabs and granite columns. These are accentuated when the sun shifts locations through the oculus in the have-to doe with of the dome. These features reaffirm the fact that the Greek culture was to the point as far as balance of mind and body. They created their work meticulously but didnt do it. Their buildings were functional but not overworked. The Roman culture took it to the next level with their architectural innovations as well as their emphasis on beauty.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 33

To her surprise, Elena felt no anger, only a determination to shelter Stefan if she could.And then she saw that in the cell shed assumed was empty, there was a kitsune.The kitsune looked nil uni level Shinichi or Misao. He had long, long hair as white as s right away hardly his face was untried. He was corroding ein truth white, too, tunica and breeches out of some flowing, silky material and his tail practically filled the small cell, it was so fluffy. He also had fox ears which twitched this representation and that. His eyeball were the gold of fireworks.He was gorgeous.The kitsune coughed again. hence he produced from his long hair, Elena thought, a very, very small and thin-skinned leather bag.Like, Elena thought, the perfect bag for wholeness perfect jewel. immediately the kitsune took a pret wind up bottle of Black Magic (it was heavy and a pretend drink was delicious), and filled the little bag with it. Then he took a pretend syringe (he held it as Dr. Meggar ha d and tapped it to rifle the bubbles out) and filled it from the little bag. Finally, he stuck the pretend syringe through his own bars and depressed his thumb, emptying it.I give the gate feed you Black Magic wine, Elena translated. With his little pouch I can hold it and fill the syringe. Dr. Meggar could fill the syringe, too. scarce theres no succession, so Im release to do it.I began Stefan.You are going to drink as fast as you can. Elena loved Stefan, cherished to hear his voice, wanted to fill her eyes with him, scarcely there was a life to be saved, and the life was his. She took the little pouch with a squat of thanks to the kitsune and left- contribute(a) her cloak on the floor. She was too draped on Stefan to even remember how she was dressed.Her hands wanted to shake but she wouldnt let them. She had three bottles of Black Magic here her own, in her cloak, Dr. Meggars, and somewhere, in his cloak, Damons.So with the delicate efficiency of a machine, she repea ted what the kitsune had shown her over and over. Dip, pull up lever, push through bars, squirt. Over and over and over.After about a twelve of these Elena developed a new technique, the catapult. Filling the tiny bag with wine and keeping it by the top until Stefan got his mouth positioned, and then, all in one motion, smashing the bag with her palm and squirting a fair amount straight into Stefans mouth. It got the bars sticky, it got Stefan sticky it would never have worked if the steel had been razor-sharp for him, but it truly forced a surprising amount down his throat.The other bottle of Black Magic wine she put in the kitsunes cell, which had regular bars. She didnt quite experience how to thank him, but when she could spare a second, she turned to him and smiled. He was chugging the Black Magic straight from the bottle, and his face was set in an expression of cool, appreciative pleasure.The end came too quickly. Elena heard sagaciouss voice booming, It is no fair Elena will not be ready Elena has not had enough time with himElena didnt need an anvil dropped on her head. She shoved the last bottle of Black Magic wine into the kitsunes cell, she bowed for the last time and gave him back his tiny pouch but with the canary diamond from her navel point in it. It was the largest piece of jewelry she had left and she saw him turn it over precisely in long-nailed fingers and then rise to his feet and make a tiny bow to her. at that place was a moment for a mutual smile and then Elena was cleaning up Dr. Meggars bag, and pulling on her red cloak. Then she was turning to Stefan, change integrity in post once more, bragping Im so sorry. I didnt mean to make it a medical visit.But you saw the chance to save my life and just couldnt obviate it up.Sometimes the brothers were very much alike.Stefan, dont Oh, I love youElena. He kissed her fingers, pressed to the bars. Then, to the guards No, please, please, dont take her away For pitys sake, give us one m ore minute solely oneBut Elena had to let go of his fingers to hold her cloak to take a shither. The last she saw of Stefan, he was pounding on the bars with his fists and calling, Elena, I love you ElenaThen Elena was dragged out of the hallway and a door shut between them. She sagged.Arms went around her, helped her to walk. Elena got angry If Stefan was being put back in his old lice-ridden cell as she supposed he was, right about today he was being made to walk. And these demons did nothing gently, she knew that. He was probably being driven like an animal with sharp instruments of wood.Elena could walk, too.As they reached the front of the Shi no Shi lobby Elena looked around. Wheres Damon?In the coach, Sage answered in his gentlest voice. He needed some time.Part of Elena verbalize, Ill give him time Time to scream once forwards I rip his throat out But the rest of her was just sad.I didnt get to recite anything I wanted to say. I wanted to tell him how sorry Damon is and how Damons changed. He didnt even remember that Damon had been there He talked to you? Sage seemed astonished.The two of them, Sage and Elena, walked out of the utmost marble doors of the building of the Gods of Death. That was the name Elena had chosen for it in her own mind.The carriage was at the curb in front of them, but no one got in. Instead, Sage gently steered Elena a little distance from the others. thither he put his large hands on her shoulders and spoke, noneffervescent in that very soft voice,Mon Dieu, my child, but I do not want to say this to you. It is that I must. I fear that even if we get your Stefan out of jail by the day of bird Bloddeuwedds party that that it will be too late. In three days he will already beIs that your medical opinion? Elena verbalize sharply, aspect up at him. She knew her face was pinched and white and that he pitied her greatly, but what she wanted was an answer.I am not a medical man, he said slowly. I am just another(prenomin al) vampire.Just another Old One?Sages eyebrows went up. Now, what gave you that little idea?Nothing. Im sorry if Im wrong. But will you please get Dr. Meggar?Sage looked at her for a long minute more, then departed to get the doctor. both men came back.Elena was ready for them. Dr. Meggar, Sage only saw Stefan at the beginning, before you gave him that injection. It was Sages opinion that Stefan would be dead in three days. Given the effects of the injection, do you agree?Dr. Meggar peered at her and she could see the shine of tears in his short-sighted eyes. It is possible just possible that if he has enough willpower, he could still be alive by then. But most likelyWould it make any difference to your opinion if I said that he drank maybe a third of a bottle of Black Magic wine tonight?Both men stared at her. Are you saying Is this just a plan you have now?Please Forgetting about her cape, forgetting everything, Elena grasped Dr. Meggars hands. I found a way to get him to drin k about that much. Does it make a difference? She squeezed the elderly hands until she could feel bone.It certainly should. Dr. Meggar looked bewildered and afraid to hope. If you really got that much into his system, he would be almost certain to live until the night of Bloddeuwedds party. Thats what you want, isnt it?Elena sank back, un suitable to resist giving his hands a little kiss as she let go.And now lets go tell Damon the wide news, she said.In the carriage, Damon was sitting bolt upright, his profile outlined against a filiation-red sky. Elena got in and shut the door behind her.With no expression at all, he said, Is it over?Over? Elena wasnt really this dense, but she figured it was important that Damon be clear in his own mind as to what he was asking.Is he dead? Damon said wearily, pinching the bridge of his nose with his fingers.Elena allowed the silence to go on for a few beats longer. Damon must know Stefan was not likely to actually die in the next half hour. No w that he wasnt getting instant confirmation of this his head snapped up.Elena, tell me What happened? he demanded, indispensableness in his voice. Is my brother dead?No, Elena said quietly. But hes likely to die in a few days. He was coherent this time, Damon. Why didnt you speak to him?There was an almost palpable drawing-in on Damons part. What do I have to say to him that matters? he asked harshly. Oh, Im sorry I almost killed you? Oh, I hope you make it another few days?Things like that, maybe, if you lose the sarcasm.When I die, Damon said cuttingly, Im going to be standing on my own two feet and fighting.Elena slapped him across the mouth. There wasnt room to get much leverage here, but she put as much Power behind the motion as she dared without risking breaking the carriage.Afterward, there was a long silence. Damon was pitiable his bleeding lip, accelerating the healing, swallowing his own blood.Finally he said, It never even occurred to you that you are my slave, did it ? That Im your master?If youre going to retreat into fantasy, thats your affair, Elena said. Myself, I have to deal with the real world. And, by the way, soon after you ran away, Stefan was not only standing but laughing.Elena on a quick rising note. You found a way to give him blood? He grasped her arm so hard it hurt.Not blood. A little Black Magic. With two of us there, it would have do for(p) twice as fast.There were three of you there.Sage and Dr. Meggar had to distract the guards.Damon took his hand away. I see, he said, expressionlessly. So I failed him yet again.Elena looked at him with sympathy. Youre completely inside the stone ball now, arent you?I dont know what youre talking about.The stone ball you stick anything that might hurt you inside. You even draw yourself inside it, although it must be very cramped in there. Katherine must be in there, I suppose, walled off in her own little chamber. She remembered the night at the hotel. And your mother, of course. I should say, Stefans mother. She was the mother you knew.Dontmy mother Damon couldnt even form a coherent condemn.Elena knew what he wanted. He wanted to be held and soothed and told it was all right just the two of them, under her cloak with her warm arms holding him. But he wasnt going to get it. This time she was saying no.She had promised Stefan that this was for him, alone. And, she thought, she would keep to the spirit of that promise, if she hadnt kept to the letter, forever.As the week progressed, Elena was able to recover from the distress of seeing Stefan. Although none of them could speak about it except in choked, brief exclamations, they listened when Elena said that there was still a job to be done, and that if they managed to complete it closely they would be able to go home soon while if they did not complete it, Elena didnt care whether she went home or stayed here in the Dark Dimension. property It had the sound of a haven, even though Bonnie and Meredith knew firstha nd what kind of hell was lurking in Fells Church for them. But somehow anything would be preferable to this democracy of bloody light.With hope kindling interest in their surroundings, they were once again able to feel pleasure at the dresses Lady Ulma was having made for them. Designing was the one pursuit that the lady could still enjoy during her official bed rest, and Lady Ulma had been hard at work with her sketchbook. Since Bloddeuwedds party would be an indoor/outdoor affair, all three dresses had to be carefully designed to be attractive both under candlelight and under the giant red suns crimson rays.Merediths gown was boneheaded metallic blue, violet in the sunlight, and it showed an entirely different side of the girl from the siren in the skin-tight mermaid dress who had attended Fazinas gala. It reminded Elena somehow of something an Egyptian princess would wear. Once again, it left Merediths arms and shoulders bare, but the modest narrow skirt that fell in straight l ines to her sandals, and the delicacy of the sapphire beads that adorned the shoulder straps served to give Meredith an unassuming look. That look was emphasized by Merediths hair, which Lady Ulma dictated be worn down, and her face, which was bare of makeup except kohl around the eyes. At her throat, a necklace made of the very largest oval-cut sapphires formed an elaborate collar. She also had matching blue gems on her wrists and slender fingers.Bonnies dress was a little clever invention it was made of a euphonous material which took on a pastel tinge of the color of the ambient lighting. Moonlight-colored indoors, it shone a soft shimmering pink, almost exactly the color of Bonnies strawberry hair, when she was outside. It sported a belt, necklace, bracelets, ear sound, and rings all of matching cabochon-cut white opals. Bonnies curls were to be carefully pinned up and away from her face, in a daringly mussed-up mass, leaving her translucent skin to shine light rose in the su nlight, and ethereally pale inside.Once again, Elenas dress was the simplest and the most striking. Her gown was scarlet, the resembling color under blood-red sun or indoor gas lamp. It was rather low cut, giving her creamy skin a chance to shine well-off in the sunlight. Clinging close to her figure, it was slashed up one side to give her room to walk or dance. On the afternoon of the party Lady Ulma had Elenas hair carefully brushed into a tangled cloud that shimmered Titian outdoors, golden indoors. Her jewelry ranged from an inset of diamonds at the bottom of the neckline, to diamonds on her fingers, wrists and one upper arm, plus a diamond choker that fit over Stefans necklace. All these would spotlight as red as rubies in the sunlight, but would occasionally glint another startling color, like a burst of mini-fireworks. Onlookers, Lady Ulma promised, would be dazzled.But I cant wear these, Elena had protested to Lady Ulma. I might not get to see you again before we get Stef an and from that moment were on the runIts the same for all of us, Meredith had added quietly, looking at each of the girls in their indoor colors of silvery-blue, scarlet, and opal. Were all wearing the most jewelry weve ever worn indoors or out but you might lose it allAnd you might need it all, Lucen had said quietly. All the more reason for you each to have jewelry that you can trade for carriages, safety, food, whatever. Its simply designed, too you can wrench out a stone and use it as payment, and the jewels are not in an elaborate shot that might not be to some collectors taste.In addition to which, they are all of the highest quality, Lady Ulma had added. They are the most flawless examples of their kind we could get on such short notice.At that point, all three girls had reached their limit, and rushed the couple Lady Ulma on her enormous bed, sketchbook always beside her, and Lucen standing nearby and cried and kissed and mostly undid the beautiful jobs that had bee n done on their faces.Youre like angels to us, do you know that? Elena sobbed. Just like fairy godparents or angels I dont know how I can say good-byeLike angels, Lady Ulma had said then, wiping a tear from Elenas cheek. Then she grasped Elena, saying Look and gestured to herself comfortably in bed, with a couple of blooming, dewy-eyed young women ready to attend to her wishes. Lady Ulma had then nodded at the window, out of which a small mill stream could be seen, and some plum trees, with ripe harvesting blazing like jewels on the branches, and then with a sweep of her hand indicated the gardens, orchards, fields, and forests on the estate.Then she had taken Elenas hand and smoothed it over her own thinly curving abdomen. You see? she had spoken almost in a whisper. Do you see all of this and can you remember how you found me? Which of us is an angel now?At the words how you found me Elenas hands had flown up to cover her face as if shed been unable to bear what memory showed her at that moment. Then she was hugging and gorgerin Lady Ulma again, and a whole new round of cosmetic-destroying embraces had begun.Master Damon was even kind enough to buy Lucen, Lady Ulma had said, and you may not be able to picture it, but here she had looked at the quiet, bearded jeweler with eyes full of tears I feel for him as you feel for your Stefan. And then she had blushed and inscrutable her face in her hands.Hes freeing Lucen today, Elena had said, dropping to her knees to rest her head against Lady Ulmas pillow. And giving the estate to you irrevocably. Hes had a lawyer an advocate, youd say working on the paper all week with a Guardian. Theyre done now, and even if that hideous general should come back, he couldnt touch you. You have your home forever.More crying. More kissing. Sage, who had been innocently walking down the hallway, whistling, after a romp with his dog, Saber, had passed Lady Ulmas room and had been drawn in. Well all miss you, too Elena had wept. Oh, thank youLater that day, Damon had made good on all of Elenas promises, besides giving a large bonus to each member of the staff. The air had been full of metallic confetti, rose petals, music, and cries of farewell as Damon, Elena, Bonnie, and Meredith had been carried to Bloddeuwedds party and away forever.Come to think of it, why didnt Damon free us? Bonnie asked Meredith as they rode in litters toward Bloddeuwedds mansion. I can understand that we needed to be slaves to get into this world, but were in now. Why not make honest girls of us?Bonnie, were honest girls already, Meredith reminded her.And I think the point is that we were never real slaves at all.Well, I meant Why doesnt he free us so that everyone knows were honest girls, Meredith, and you know it.Because you cant free somebody whos free already, thats why.But he could have gone through the ceremony, Bonnie persisted. Or is it really hard to free a slave here?I dont know, Meredith said, breaking at last und er this untiring inquisition. But Ill tell you why I think he doesnt do it. I think that its because this way hes responsible for us. I mean, its not that slaves cant be penalise we saw that with Elena. Meredith paused while they both shuddered at the memory. But, ultimately, its the slave owner that can lose their life over it. Remember, they wanted to stake Damon for what Elena did.So hes doing it for us? To protect us?I dont know. Isuppose so, Meredith said slowly.Then I guess weve been wrong about him in the past? Bonnie generously said weve instead of youve. Meredith had always been the one of Elenas group most resistant to Damons charm.Isuppose so, Meredith said again. Although it seems that everyone is forgetting that until recently Damon helped the kitsune twins to put Stefan here And Stefan definitely hadnt done anything to deserve it.Well, of course thats true, Bonnie said, sounding relieved not to have been too wrong, and at the same time strangely wistful.All Stefan ever wanted from Damon was peace and quiet, Meredith continued, as if on more steady ground there.And Elena, Bonnie added automatically.Yes, yes and Elena. But all Elena wanted was Stefan I mean all Elena wants Merediths voice trailed off. The sentence didnt seem to work properly in the present tense anymore. She tried again. All Elena wants now isBonnie just watched her speechlessly.Well, whatever she wants, Meredith concluded, rather shaken, she wants Stefan to be a part of it. And she doesnt want any of us to have to stay here in thisthis hellhole.In another litter just beside them things were very quiet. Bonnie and Meredith were so used by now to traveling in closed litters that they hadnt even realized that another palanquin had drawn abreast of them and that their voices carried clearly in the hot, still afternoon air.In the second litter, Damon and Elena both looked very hard at the silken curtains fluttering open.Now, Elena, with an almost mad air of needing something to do, hurriedly unwound a cord and the curtains dropped into place.It was a mistake. It closed Elena and Damon into a surreal glowing red oblong, in which only the words that they had just heard seemed to have validity.Elena felt her breath culmination too quickly. Her aura was slipping. Everything was slipping sideways.They dont believe that I only want to be with StefanSteady on, Damon said. This is the last night. By tomorrow Elena held up a hand to keep him from saying it.By tomorrow well have found the key and gotten Stefan and well be out of here, Damon said anyway.Jinx, thought Elena. And sent up a prayer after it.They rode in silence up toward Bloddeuwedds grand mansion. For a surprisingly long time Elena didnt realize that Damon was trembling. It was a quick, involuntary shaken breath that alerted her.Damon heartfelt dear heaven Elena was stricken, at a loss, not for words, but for the right words. Damon, look at me Why?Why? Damon replied in the only voice he could trus t not to tremble or crack or break. Because do you ever think of whats happening to Stefan while youre going to a party wearing splendid clothes, being carried along, to drink the finest wine and to dance while he while he The thought remained unfinished.This is just what I needed right before being seen in public, Elena thought, as they reached the long driveway to Bloddeuwedds home. She tried to call on all of her resources before the curtains were drawn and they were free to step out at the location of the second half of the key.

Mordernism

Modernism During the 20th century a communications revolution that introduced motion pictures, radio, and television brought the world into viewand eventually into the living room. The in the raw forms of communication competed with books as sources of amusement and enlightenment. New forms of communication and new modes of transportation made American society increasingly mobile and familiar with many more(prenominal) regions of the country. Literary voices from even the remotest corners could reach a national audience.At the same time, American writersparticularly writers of fictionbegan to influence world literature. The 20th century saw the issue of modernism. Modernism responded to the worlds complexity by asserting that the individual had the potential to achieve a broader perspective than that offered by any one society or its history. Although realism, naturalism, and regionalism were whitewash viable modes of expression, they reflected the increasingly complex reality of 20th- century society. Immigration and industrialization led to increasing urbanization, nd, in turn, to class stratification.Theme Some writers examined the sometimes complex psychology of Americas elite, other writers turned to the psychological and physical reality of the laboring classes, whose ranks continued to swell with high rates of immigration in the late 19th and primaeval 20th centuries. Several American authors who are sometimes cognise as social realists looked at working conditions, often for the purpose of social reform. A stop of disillusion and cynicism that followed World War I (1914-1918) found expression in he writings of a group of Americans living in Paris who became known as the Lost Generation.They shared a bitterness about the war, a sense of rootlessness, and dissatisfaction with American society. They portrayed the emotional exhaustion of this generation and their seemingly egotistic search for meaning and value in life. Some other writers focus on t he overwhelming forces of nature and on issues of class. Gender issues remain major topics in 21st century American literature, and more gay and lesbian authors are publishing their work and bringing their community and oncerns into focus. Characteristics 1.Diversity The reading audience of the fall in States changed as social and economic realities changed. Immigrant populations added great variety to 20th-century American fiction. American literature at the is exceptionally diverse, with rapidly growing multicultural influences. New voices continue to fall out within the Native American, African American, Asian American, and Latino American communities. After the 1960s it became increasingly difficult even to define a mainstream. Jewish-American iterature among the first to bring down their experiences.African American literature focuses on slavery and its legacies while also offering hope, particularly in the strength of bonds among women. Native American literature reassesse s the experience of their cultures. Hispanic American literature. Asian American authors brought salutary voices to American literature after the 1960s. those who bridge two cultures. Modernity and Americanization are typically the realm of youth, while traditionalistic culture and history remain the dying province of their elders.While creating unique worlds for various distinct communities, Americas diverse literary voices continue to reflect the unique characteristics of its land, people, and culture. 2. Regionalism The vastness of the United States and the great diversity of its people have always been reflected in its literature. This was especially true in the 20th century, which witnessed the blossoming of strong regional traditions in the westernmost and the South. The South was also rich in women writers during the 20th century. 3. Bilingualism.Many American authors incorporate a lot of their mother tongue language into their writing. This reflects both the alienation an d the strong cultural identity that comes from being a nonnative English speaker in the United States. 4. style Writing is noted for innovations in narrative style, such(prenominal) as simplification and fragmentation of plot and the use of unconventional syntax and punctuation. Representatives Henry James Theodore Dreiser Sinclair Lewis Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner,

Health care in the United States Essay

Obamacare is a federal statute that represents the most significant establishment expansion and regulatory overhaul of the United States healthcare system. Obamacare will increase healthcare costs tremendously. A positive to it is that it will provide over thirty million uninsured Americans with healthcare. Obamacare will ingrain businesses, especially small businesses by cutting their hours and jobs. It whitethorn also prevent them from providing their employees with health values.Obamabcare will also affect Medicare and Medicaid with budget cuts of around $ 716,000,000, a tax increase, and also increase the cost of medications. Health redress exchange will be set up to accent to organize the programs and offer different choices for health care plans. Overall, Obamacare will affect people that already have insurance by making their costs slip by to rise. Obamacare is estimated to make the cost of insurance skyrocket, but no one truly knows.Obamacare is mostly modeled after Rom neycare. Obamacare is going to cost the federal government $1.1 gazillion net cost. Obamacare will be paid for mostly by the 9% tax increase and the $716 nebion dollars cut from Medicare. Doctors will also be unnatural by pay cuts, business mergers, and them having to close their practice to new patients. Obamacare will affect young adults with premium increases, loss of coverage, government takeover of student loans, less(prenominal) money for education, and crushing fiscal burdens. It will affect senior citizens by increasing the age at which they can retire, and by cutting the amount of glide path they have to medical care by a doctor. Obamacare will affect hospitals by merger increases and many of them will lose doctors.They will be at a lower place a tremendous financial squeeze while having to manage the overall health care of their patients. To fight back against such things, many states are ever-changing laws and not accepting it at all. Some negatives of Obamacare are newer higher taxes and the governments control over doctors decisions. Drug companies and medical device companies will benefit from this law because more people will have access to medicines and equipment. Drug companies will benefit more because these patients will have medicines paid for that before they may not have been able to afford.Obamacares employer mandate is among the newest laws with the most anti-growth provisions. When implemented, it will force most American businesses to offer government approved health insurance to their employees or else pay new federal taxes for not doing so. This costly newrequirement will make it more expensive for companies to hire new employees in the future. Consequently, it will destroy jobs and many companies are likely to slow down hiring in anticipation of it being implemented. Major players that were instrumental in getting this bill past were Gary Cohen, President Obama, Max Baucus, Ron Wyden, Bill Nelson, and Maria Cantwell.

History of Psychology Essay

The development of modern psychology has roots that can be found well past the nineteenth century. This paper will identify philosophers who are historically related to the beginnings of psychology as a formal discipline. It will also identify philosophers in the western tradition who were primary contributors to the formation of psychology as a discipline. The development of the science of psychology during the 19th century will also be explored. ism is non the same as psychology. However, several philosophers provided the necessary foundations for modern psychology (Goodwin,2008). Two philosophers that are historically related to the beginning of psychology as a formal discipline are Plato and Aristotle. During the fourth and fifth centuries, Plato and Aristotle were the prominent philosophers.Ironically, Aristotle was Platos student (Bennett,2007). However, they did have different thoughts on explaining the soul, which was the common term apply for the head teacher. The view that Plato held was that the soul was composed of three parts the thymos(emotion), nous (intellect) and menos (rage). He also believed that the soul was incorporeal or not material (Bennett,2007). Aristotle on the another(prenominal) hand, distinguished three different kinds of soul rational, sensitive and nutritive and thought it impossible for an incorporeal soul to interact with a corporeal body (Bennett,2007). So in other words, Aristotle thought that both mind and body, that the mind is not a spirit, but is substantial. These two philosophers unknowingly laid the foundation for psychology. Even in this modern age we even do not have a clear understanding of all the attributes of the psyche, such as cognitive, emotional and responses work.Following Plato and Aristotle, rough the 17th century, one of the topics of discussions of human psychology was whether or not humans are born with knowledge and understanding of reality, or are they acquired through experiences and interact ions with the world. whoremaster Locke is one of the two major philosophers of the western tradition that was a primary contributor to the formation of psychology as a discipline. JohnLocke was a British philosopher with an empiricist view. His theory stated, that at birth, the mind was a blank slate, onto which experiences of what a per password sees, hears, smells, tastes and feels are written (Goodwin,2008). So in other words there is no store of knowledge, but through our senses, our knowledge comes. This debate stills continues today and it is referred to the nature versus nurture. The other important philosopher is during the 19th century was John Stuart Mill, who was also British.John Stuart Mill, was the son of an important British philosopher. Mill senior used the empiricist and associationist doctrine to shape Mill junior (Goodwin,2008). Johns Stuart Mill was also empiricist, like John Locke. However, he did not restrict himself to solely the empiricist views. He believed that, a complex idea, is formed by the blending together of several simpler ones. In 1843, John Stuart Mill published, A frame of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being Connected View of the principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, which was the foundational rules for conducting empirical research (Goodwin,2008).Both Locke and Mills advocated that empiricism, knowledge that is obtained from the senses (simplypsychology.org,2012, is the most practical and scientific snuggle to understanding the human psyche. The development of the science of psychology during the 19th century ushered in Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who some say is the founder of modern psychology. Wundt developed structuralism. He believed that the mind and behavior can be subject to scientific analysis.William James (1842-1910) also brought in a new approach to psychology called functionalism. James is known for his work, Principles of Psychology, the tactile sensation that mentality must be seen as an ongoing process and not fragmented into bits of consciousness. In conclusion, the history of psychology is important for three reasons. First is still a young science. Second, it is important to understanding the heritability of traits. Third, the past can provide unity for psychologys future (Goodwin,2008). All of the great philosophers of ancient generation made discoveries that have aided in modern day psychology as a respectable and scientific discipline.Referenceshttp//www.simplypsychology.org/science-psychology.html Retrieved November 3, 2012 Bennett, M. (2007). Development of the concept of mind. Australian& new Zealand Journal Of Psychiatry, 41(12), 943-956. Goodwin, C. J. (2008) A history of modern psychology (3rd ed). Hoboken, NJWiley

Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry

After September 11th, on that point was a great corporation of turmoil in the respiratory tract industry as a trem wind upous amount of m oney was unavoidable to be eitherocated toward varied things much(prenominal) as security enhancements. As a result, to the highest degree respiratory tracts cut back bes in other departments, especially in the department of didactics. However, some air lanes deemed upbringing their employees effectively to be pertinent to their development, and thus heady to enhance their fosterage programs to raise a much long term bene upheaval. This is part of what contri aloneed to the title of a best practice party for many of these airlines.They recognized study as non unaccompanied a fundamental part of human resource focusing but likewise for their harvesting and reputation. readiness offers a charge of developing skills, enhancing crosswayivity and quality of shed for, and building surviveer loyalty to the firm, and appro ximately measurablely, increasing single and organizational performance to achieve business results. Training is widely accepted as an employee benefit and a method of improving employee morale, and enhancing employee skills has become a business imperative.Increasingly, managers and leaders realize that the key to business growth and success is through developing the skills and knowledge of its workforce. The best practice companies we observed included southwesterly Airlines, Jetblue, British Airways, capital of capital of Singapore Airlines, and vestal Atlantic Airways all of which seduce made it on the Fortune 500 harken of Most admired Companies. We came to the conclusion that these five airlines notify be limitn as best practice companies in the field of prep be, due to their lettering in providing high quality gentilityal activity, their ripe preparation tactics, and their emphasis on education in node service.commitment To Providing High Quality Training as a heart and soul to Being a Best Practice Company The superior quality of pedagogy is something in which these airlines rejoinder a great deal of pride in, and has been achieved through employee motivation and an intensive amount of nurture. Three of the airlines including Southwest, Jetblue, and British Airways actually permit training universities in which every(prenominal) employee is expected to attend. Some classes atomic number 18 standard for everyone in the workforce, while others cater to specific jobs, such as pilots, stewards, res publica workers, etc.Employees be paid for the duration they spend in class at these designated schools and pass on characteristicly work forty hour weeks doing so. exclusively five of these airlines cater to the learning development of their employees, to ensure complete knowledge of the lodge and their specific job. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training Southwest Airlines The key to success in any organization is motiva tion, the faculty to rally a group of people behind a specific goal. When motivation is in authority employees engage in low absenteeism and job satisfaction, to name a few.Herb Kelleher, the founder and author of Southwest Airlines has been able to do just this through many ways such as implementing training and career development programs. As many people harbour heard Southwest does not lead for skills but rather attitude and individualality. Before considering if you would like to be employed you must(prenominal) number one involve yourself, Am I motivated? if not there is a great chance you give not be hired. Not having all of the correct skills on the other turn over is not something to worry just round seeing how Southwest go out train you for the skills needed. It is the people it has always had to do with their selection, Heskett says. They are selected primarily for attitude, and more or less people primarily select for skills. They have a particular view fo r people who will fit into a team-oriented organization and the airline industry is team-oriented. If you have people pointing fingers, you have problems (people. bu. edu). Southwest has developed their desex training program which they have named the University for People. This school is ground in Dallas out of the Love Field Airport. , more specifically within an old airplane hanger.Within this hanger employees engage in a meaning(a) amount of role-play. For example someone might get to play the pissed off customer whose trajectory just got cancelled or the mother traveling with her children. The whole center has been designed to press forward learning in real life situations. The University for People is where new recruits are sent for orientation and indoctrination into Southwests culture. They get to see video footage of Herb Kelleher, Southwests legendary founder, dressed as Elvis at a company caller and otherwise carrying on. (key. om) Southwest is an organization th at believes in continuous learning therefore Southwests soulfulness employees become international learns who odour to learn in everyday experiences rather than occasional classes (ccp. com). The main project of the University for People is to introduce and enforce hard work, high-energy, fun, local autonomy, and creativity. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training JetBlue Airlines JetBlue, which has only been in hold upence since 1999, has learned the training practices of many other airline companies to formulate its very experience unique program, and has since been extremely effective.JetBlue established its ca using up universities to ensure that people were properly trained they have the College of Flight, the College of In- leakage, and the College of node work (Wynbrandt134). Third, the company consciously evaluates employees, including way and gives them feedback. Once hired, pilots and flying attendants are sent to Florida for three weeks for their training. JetBlues philosophy on training is creating the best working environment so the clustering is motivated to work for the company. The Chief Learning Officer at JetBlue University shares the training viewpoint behind the company. At JetBlue U, our goal is to add our combination members the tools they need to succeed. These tools include the technical aspects of to each one caboodle members responsibilities and inculcation of our crew members in our unique unified culture (Sosbe). Many airline companies have separate training sessions for pilots and pip attendants, beca utilisation the nature of their training material is very different. However, JetBlue tired something different, Flight attendants and pilots are together for much of the jump both weeks, and while a lot of the training is in separate classes, there is still a lot of overlap.Most airlines keep the two employee groups strictly apart. This process of putting the two groups together is a strategic method of Je tBlue who believes that analysis of accidents have revealed that lives have been saved when the crews were comfortable with one another (Peterson 184). The first week of JetBlue U is active crew culture. They use icebreakers and activities to bond the pip attendants and pilots. They then go over Federal Aviation Administration or FAA regulations.They have a lifestyle lecture, the vagaries of drugs and booze awareness, and even hair and enlightenup pointers (Peterson190). Each crew member must follow the appearance standards. From the second week on, the flight attendants and pilots divide into their different areas of focus. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training British Airways British Airways, which is the largest airline in the linked Kingdom, and considered one of the largest in Europe, is a best practice company because of the in depth way they train their employees.They put sentence and effort into educating their pilots, flight attendants, and other company perso nnel. They go above and beyond the required amount of training. They have even created their own university, and incorporate real life simulators as a training component. According to 2006 Fortune 500 Magazine British Airways ranked seventh under the airline industry category, British Airways is, catching the competition wide awake. British Airways is always finding ways to make their company more profitable.According to Oracle press, British Airways is using a new, comprehensive learning pass from Oracle to create a global learning programs for its 48,000 employees. This company has dribblen pride in make the best company it can be. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines is one of the most renowned companies in the humanity and is ranked in Fortune as number 17 in the year 2007 list of Worlds Most Admired companies. Singapore Airlines CEO, Chew Choon Seng, attributes his companys success to their extensive training programs. Train ing is a necessity, not an option. It is not to be dole out with when eons are bad Training is forever. No-one is too young to be trained. As you can see, there is no one in the company that is not trained extensively.This keeps everyone in the business on their toes and rear to handle any situation. Mrs Lam Seet Mui, Singapore Airlines Senior Manager for Human Resource development, talks about two types of training that Singapore Airlines does. Essentially we do two types of training, functional training and general management type training. Functional training is about equipping people with the skills to do their job, to make them technically effective and confident as possible The general management training has to do with the softer skills. Within these two groups, Singapore Airlines trains about 9,000 annually, the same amount as the National University in Singapore. Their courses are usually short and concise, and they detect that this allows them to be efficient and sta y committed. (www2. arwick. ac. uk) To share the latest vagarys and newest training techniques, Singapore Airlines brings together 50 executives from different departments all over the world. When the executives re winding they have all been exposed to the latest ideas and should be prepared to be a role model for the changes world made to better the company. (Fung) Dedication To Providing High Quality Training Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airlines has only been around since 1984 and has managed to become the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. (Branson 185)Virgin Atlantic has been formerly recognized on many occasions for its honesty in training. In 2005 they won the regional final of the National Training Awards. The awards acknowledge outstanding and stretch forthing excellence and success through training. Dr Graeme Hall, Chief Executive of UK Skills, who runs the National Training Awards on behalf of the Department for Education and Skills, says, utile training will help create a more effective, productive and flexible workforce. The message to UK Plc is innocent invest in training to gain a true competitive advantage. Meanwhile, Virgin staff are happier and more motivated, and attrition is down. (Jackson 25) Like the other airlines, Virgin is committed to instilling a great deal of learning into the minds of their employees. This is accomplished by outlining the company framework, and using a variety of techniques to teach, with an emphasis on e-learning. Although Virgin Atlantic Airlines does not have a so called university to train its employees, it does have a general training facility used to employ all of its staff and specializes in individual e-learning. wholeness of the groups Virgin is most noteable for training is their management team. After the major descent in air travel following the attacks of 9/11, Virgin Atlantic went through a period of intense growth. The management team however, was not quite a ready to tak e on such a period of rapid growth or to resolve to new opportunities which whitethorn unwillingly present themselves. Branson also found it keen to increase the amount of management vacancies that were filled internally, to safeguard Virgins work culture.In order to reserve a resolution to this shortcoming, Virgin stubborn to send all of its 120 managers on personal development whole shebanghops at Roffey Park, at a cost of ?2,000 to ?3,000 per head. (Bringing out the Branson) The workshops began with individual coaching sessions that set personal development objectives for the managers, based on feedback from the 360-degree assessment and personality tests. These were followed by a series of activities that aimed to instil Virgins leadership principles into management behavior.The program finished by producing individual personal development plans and split each group into two sets of half-dozen managers, who met up six meters over the bordering nine months to monitor the ir own progress and bounce ideas off each other. (Bringing out the Branson) Innovative Training tactics as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company Another distinguishing feature of these airlines is the innovative practices used to train their employees.A typical day of training will use an extremely wide variety of ways to enforce and back up productive learning. These techniques include on-the-job training apprenticeship training role playing, scenario building, classroom training and electronic learning, which may involve inter expeditious Internet-based training, multimedia programs, distance learning, satellite training, other computer-aided instructional technologies, videos, simulators, conferences, and workshops.We keepd that the majority of the innovative training has been used for the pilots as many airlines have taken advantage of todays great technology to provide an excellent source of simulated training. Also, with the release of the new aircrafts, such as the air bus, there has been an increase in providing new training tactics to meet the quality of the new aircrafts. Innovative Training Tactics JetBlue JetBlue has been all over the media for its developments in pilot training. Special training for pilots is given to ensure they know the newest technology and procedures.In 2005, JetBlue signed a contract to send their pilots to College of Flight were they are trained by experienced professionals at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The agreement calls for Embry-Riddle to deliver the Initial Training Course (TS1) and the Recurrent Training Course (TS2) to JetBlues College of Flight instructors beginning in early 2006. The instruction is designed to enrich the pilot training programs for JetBlues fleet of Airbus and Embraer aircraft (Embry-Riddle). JetBlue requirements to equip its pilots with the most current information. As part of the plan, all current and new JetBlue flight instructors will be taking introductory and advanced courses designed to boost teaching effectiveness for instructors who provide academic and simulator training to front-line pilots (Embry-Riddle).A major difference between JetBlues training programs compared to other airlines is JetBlue nets its employees for their time during trainings. Certain other big airlines, when they hire pilots, they say youre privileged to work for us, so were not going to pay you while youre in training. Moreover were going to make your pay for your own hotel during your training. And then little wonder people come out of the class mad because they had to usurp money or they had to sacrifice, and they didnt really respect the company because they took advantage of them (Wynbrandt135). JetBlue not only pays their pilots, but pays for all of their accommodations while training. JetBlue makes their employees feel like they are cared about. An important role in their training is olfactory perception like they are wanted.Pilots sign a five year contract guarantee ing them employment, which doesnt allow the company to lay them off. According to Neeleman, the net result is employees are convinced the airline cares about them (Wynbrandt135). Upon graduation from the University there is a final exam to test each crew member on the knowledge they have acquired. There is a graduation ceremony and many crew members have flights that depart the next morning. Theyll be training two groups a month, cranking out the crew members at the rate of nearly one snow a month (Peterson 199).Innovative Training Tactics British Airways British Airways has developed an extensive training program for both their fight attendants, and pilots. They have developed flight simulators to make their training program tangible. The flight simulators offer joint aviation instruction. Their flight simulators make up the biggest Boeing training center outdoor(a) of the United States. They are using the most worlds most advanced technology to make the simulators create real wo rld situations. The simulation training includes use with Boeing and Airbus Airplanes.They include work with Boeing 747, Boeing 777, Boeing 767, Boeing 757, Boeing 737, and Airbus A320. British Airways has also included pilot, ground school, and confine safety to their training programs. Their ground school teaches JAR approval aircraft type-technical courses. They are computer based training and used in every day work. Each class that they offer is two hours long. The classes incorporate scans, procedures, and applicable aspects of the company. The pilots that take the class are tested every three days to make sure they are on task, and have understanding of the course material.The course generally last ten to twelve days, and in order to enroll in the course they are asked to take a pre-course for two to three days on flight management computers. British Airways also uses a number of approaches to prepare their confine crew for emergency situations. They are trained in cabin s afety in areas that include fire and smoke, irritated works, slide descents, and door operation. They are trained on any and all of the different planes that they fly, so that they are familiar with all of British Airways fleet.Each area of training for safety focuses on different situations. For cabin simulators they teach the crew about skills and how to deal with any emergency situation. They start with the fire and smoke training. The crew is training how to deal with a plane fire emergency. They are given realistic simulation on first and they are taught how to with them in a orderly fashion. They then move on to the wet drills. For this drill the crew is taught how to operate a life jacket, and they are taught how to help the passengers in a water landing.The last set of training workshops that the crew goes through is door operations. In this class they are taught how to use the exist doors and cabin doors. Innovative Training Tactics Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airways utilizes the company Canadian Aviation Electronics (CAE), which is a worldly renown company that provides customized training services for pilots and maintenance technicians ranging from integrated programs to deployable ground school capabilities and e-learning solutions. Their philosophy is to enhance clients safety and efficiency and provide clients a training environment where they can continuously pursue a practical and operational learning experience through new and innovative technology. (Simulation Products) There are five different simulator programs in which CAE uses to train pilots, one of which is a dim-witted piece of CD-Rom software which can used at any computer. The other four programs involves the use of a large piece of machinery which utilize programs and are operated by controls that are similar if not undistinguishable to what pilots would typically be exposed to when operating an aircraft.The great thing about this new wave of training is that it is extremely hands on and interactive, and it caters to individual learning and progress. Whether the pilot in training is at root or at the training facility using the flight simulators, they can progress at their own pace, which ultimately maximizes learning. Each program is divided into a number of sections or chapters which contains an exam at the end to make sure that the information has been retained.Another great feature about CAEs flight simulators is they even use satellite technology to display current go conditions across the world, so that the pilot will be prepared to fly in any type of climate. In addition to using actual weather conditions, there are 3D synthetic environments used in every visual system. CAE has been able to make quite the name for itself over the past few years, as it has become a standard training program for the military, has been adopted by a number of other airlines, and has revolutionized human resource management in the field of training and dev elopment. Simulation Products) Virgin Atlantic Airways has been recently been labeled as one of the most innovative airlines in the world for their plan to send a select few of their best pilots to have the opportunity to go through astronaut pilot training. In the article titled Virgin Atlantic Pilots Are come out of the closet of This World, it was quoted that all 700 of Virgin Atlanics pilots are welcomed to apply and those who are chosen will gravel nine months of aerobatic, fast jet and executive aircraft for zero gravity flights training.They will then spend the next nine months flying the mothership and participating in Mission Control work the last nine months will be spent flying Virgin Galactic Spaceships into space. Once they have completed their 27 month secondment they will return to Virgin Atlantic as qualified pilot astronauts. (Virgin Pilots Are Out of This World With Virgin Galactic) tension on Training in customer Service as a Means to Being a Best Practice C ompany Perhaps one of the most epoch-making contributing factors of these companies success is their emphasis on customer service.All of these airlines recognize the importance in training their employees in providing excellent customer service in order to achieve customer satisfaction and retention. Although disbursal excess time training in this field is expensive, the long term benefits are substantial as they build a clientel more willing to invest their time and money with the airline which pleases them the most. Emphasis on Training in Customer Service Southwest Airlines The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit (southwest. om). By following their mission created by founder and former CEO Herb Kelleher, Southwest literally has taken off and become a model for a best practices industry.This dedication has led Southwest to develop 10 organizatio nal practices that facilitate the coordination among 12 distinct functions pilots, flights attendants, gate agents, ticketing agents, operations agents, ramp agents, baggage transfer agents, cargo agents, mechanics, uelers, aircraft cleaners, and caters by building relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect (coachingandmentoring. com). Emphasis on Training in Customer Service British Airways British Airways serves as an example for other companies because they have a good grasp on what to do to make their customers and employees happy. According to EMCOR, British Airways focuses on, serving its customers by getting people where they need to go. If every airline took pride in their customers like British Airways, the airline industry would run smoother.British Airways customer relations department talked about how they take pride in their customer service, we try to ensure you have a good experience when you travel with British Airways we do our best to resp ond to you quickly and appropriately. Emphasis on Training in Customer Service Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines also places a strengthened emphasis on customer service training, especially for the stewards and stewardesss, then they must go through two interviews and a written test to even get an offer.After the offer each person must go through four months of training to be prepared to handle the toughest of situations. Some sections of this training includes nutriment and beverage knowledge, passenger handling, language and communication skills, and safety equipment procedures. Knowing the food and beverage is important because it is important to be able to tell each customer what they are eating on the flight. Passenger handling deals with how to respond to different customers. This includes making sure that each customer is happy and knowing how to satisfy them if they look upset.This also has to do with communication skills. The easiest way to find out how a passengers flight is going is to ask them. Since there are many passengers this must be done in a timely and orderly fashion. (www. worksingapore. com) Emphasis on Training in Customer Service Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Airways uses a great deal of scenario building to help their employees achieve the highest customer satisfaction. When in training, they will divide the room into groups, each of which includes a current employee who has experienced a situation where a customer was upset with them.The current employee acts as the enraged or frustrated customer, and the other trainees are evaluated based on the way they handle the distressful situation. Afterwards they are given constructive criticism on how they can improve. (Jackson 220). Virgin Airways pays a lot of attention to their customers and emphasizes on providing an excellent customer experience. Superior customer service and stress-free travel are two things that our travelers have come to expect from Virgin Atlantic, said Chri s Rossi, frailness President Sales and Marketing, North America. (Branson 78) Interview with Mark SwigonskiAfter bringing all of our research together, we contumacious that Southwest would be the best airline to conduct an interview with, since they seem to have the strongest emphasis on both employee and customer satisfaction. We managed to find a Southwest pilot by the name of Mark Swigonski who has been an active pilot for well over ten years now. We asked Mark via email What do you think about airlines trying to model Southwest and their best practices within the same industry or different industries? He replied The economic plan is a model for any industry.Stimulate sales by making your product more affordable for more people. Instead of making a large profit on a few sales, make a small profit on lots of sales, thereby stimulating the business. Southwest airlines has made air travel affordable for the average American. People who would never dream of flying earlier can now afford to. Herb says we do not compete with other airlines, we compete with the automobile. One more story. When Southwest first started, the price of a ticket on Continental from Dallas Love to Houston following was $220. Southwest charged $19.People came to Herb and said why dont you just charge $50, youre still a quarter of the price. Herb answered, we will never do that. We will charge what we need to, to make a profit and never a cent more. We are going to stimulate traffic. Southwest still works that way. We also asked What would be an anticipated obstacle if companies model this, and are there any financial cost and/or benefits? He replied, Its embarrassing. When you start up an airline and have no first class, no designate seating, and say you cant afford to buy something, it is embarrassing.If you cant afford it, you cant buy it. You just have to have the self specify to abide by that rule. You also need patience to wait for the correct market opportunities. Southwest currently has a couple of billion in the bank, waiting for an opportunity. They are in no hurry and will buy airplanes when the price is right, but not before. Three airlines have gone out of business in the last week. The opportunity will be there soon and Southwest will capitalize when the time is right. That takes a great deal of fiscal discipline.Conclusion Implications and How Other Companies Can Benefit From These Training Tactics Based on the evaluation of our five airline companies, we analyzed how other companies both within and outside of the industries could provide a benefit, and what be may be associated. We realized that some of the short term implications are the high costs associated with providing such a dedicated training program. These extra costs include what is needed to run the outside training universities as seen with Southwest, JetBlue, and British Airways.Within the training universities are all of the expenses necessary to use all of the innovative tec hniques such as the expensive simulative training and all of the software needed for that, as well as the online training programs used both inside and outside of the classroom. These airlines are also responsible for paying all of the highly qualified people who instruct these training courses. The extra time spent in training is also very costly, especially since many of these airlines make some of the training practicum standard for everyone, regardless of their future occupation with the company.Clearly, there are a great deal of costs incurred when running such an extensive training program that is so heavily focused on the employees. However, we reason that the long term benefits actually outweigh any of these initial costs, because not only will the turn over rate decrease, but business will grow as there will be a more dedicated workforce. More training will prepare all employees for different situations and make them more competent workers. It will also weed out people who do not want to dedicate themselves to the job, making it easier to identify people that actually want to be there.With better workers the company should notice a more efficient use of its resources and it will eventually make up what it lost on the cost of training through more profit in the long run. Maybe a person will be able to help four more customers a day after being trained longer. Four more customers a day adds up over the years to unbelievable amounts of profit. Or perhaps a person gains a better understanding of how to make a machine work more efficiently and can make more products quicker than before. A dedication to training goes hand in hand with a company that succeeds over its competitors.If other companies wish to adopt a training model as extensive as these five airlines, then they must be prepared to take the risk in engulfing an extensive amount of costs, but be aware of all the positive outcomes and benefits which will result. After analyzing the qualities that make these five airlines best practice companies we determined that there are several similarities, however, each airline had a distinguishing trait that gave their company an identity. Southwest is most distinguished for its belief in the idea that if employees are happy, then customers are happy.They focus nearly all of their time and energy in creating a motivational environment to encourage employee satisfaction which eventually transcends to customer satisfaction. British Airways is most notable for their unbelievably high standards in training practicum. They call for a rigorous training program so as to achieve only the most qualified employees. Singapore Airlines strives to be the best in every aspect, whether it be in providing the best customer service, best food, most comfortable seating, or best employee motivation tactics.Singapore believes strongly in the idea that there is always room for improvement. JetBlue is successful in their attempts to standardize education a nd encourage a solid learning environment in their training practices. They incorporate five inwardness valuessafety, caring, integrity, fun and passioninto every aspect of education. They also provide centralized crew-member education in common topics with common courses, creating a strong team orientation and commitment to a greater corporate good. (Sosbe).Virgin Atlantic Airways is most well known constant strive to be innovative in all aspects of the company, whether it be using the most technologically advanced tools for training, or being the first airline to train pilots for space travel. From these five remarkable characteristics, we formulated three main points which were used throughout the report to draw in the primary defining similarities of these best practice companies. These main points included a dedication in providing high quality training, innovative training tactics, and an emphasis on training in customer service.